شنبه 17 خرداد 1404

Gallstones are among the most common disorders in most countries [1]; as their incidence is 11-30% in autopsy reports [2]. This disease is more common in women than in men, as some studies have shown that 20% of women and 8% of men in the United States suffer from this disease, with an overall population of more than 15 million people [3]. More than 90% of patients with acute inflammation suffer from cholecystitis. Gallstones are made of solid materials in the bile. They are usually very diverse in shape, size and composition. These stones are rarely observed in young children and adolescents and they gradually prevail in individuals 40 years old and older [4]. The incidence of gallstones is predicted to rise to such extent that 50% of people over 70 and 50% of those over 80 will suffer from this disease [5]. Common risk factors include: age, gender, race, pregnancy (especially multiple pregnancy), undesirable nutrition, Crohn's disease, gastric surgery, spherocytosis and thalassemia, sickle cell disease, spherocytosis, cystic fibrosis and diabetes mellitus. Biliary colic is the most significant clinical manifestation of symptomatic gallstones that increases within 0.5-1 hour and decreases within a few hours [6]. The pain is in the top of the abdomen or upper abdomen and typically radiates to the right shoulder or between the two scapulae. It is often accompanied by nausea and sometimes vomiting. During examination and in the presence of pain, epigastric tenderness usually occurs; however, it may not be observed in the absence of pain [7]. An important predictor in causing chronic pain is the lack of proper control of acute postoperative pain …

نام مقاله:
Comparing the effects of clonidine and pregabalin on postoperative shivering and pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
نویسندگان:
Morteza Hashemian, Javad Jourian, Mohammad Reza Lashkarizadeh Publication date
نام مجله:
Journal Pharmacophore
سال انتشار:
2017
شماره مجله:
4
فایل مجله: