There is an increasing popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) in youth and even in athletes worldwide. Despite the existence of evidence of the harmful effects of hookah smoke on various systems of the body, especially the cardiovascular system, its simultaneous effect with exercise training has not been well studied. We assessed the effects of WTS exposure with/without swimming exercise on blood pressure (BP), and heart histology and mechanical performance in male Wistar rats.
Methods
The animals were divided into 4 groups of sedentary control (CTL), waterpipe tobacco smoking (S), mild endurance swimming exercise training (Ex), and waterpipe smoking plus exercise (S+ Ex). The duration of WTS and exercise was 8 weeks.
نام مقاله:
Effects of endurance exercise training on cardiac dysfunction induced by waterpipe tobacco smoking
نویسندگان:
Mohammad Reza Nakhaee, Siyavash Joukar, Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, Farzaneh Rostamzadeh, Yaser Masoumi-Ardakani, Maryam Iranpour, Mozhdeh Nazari
نام مجله:
Addiction & health